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CVE-2023-33237· NVD / CVE Program· CNA Moxa

Authentication Bypass Without Administrator Privilege

TN-5900 Series firmware version v3.3 and prior is vulnerable to improper-authentication vulnerability. This vulnerability arises from inadequate authentication measures implemented in the web API handler, allowing low-privileged APIs to execute restricted actions that only high-privileged APIs are allowed This presents a potential risk of unauthorized exploitation by malicious actors.

HighCVSS 8.8 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Aug 16, 2023
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.6% · 48th percentile
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Action score

35

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
8.8
CNA · Moxa
8.8
agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
moxatn-5900 firmware
moxatn-5900

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • moxa tn-5900 firmwareup to 3.3 inclusive

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Moxa). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Moxa TN-5900 Series

    • 1.0 and later · up to and including 3.3affected

Same product

moxa: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2021-46560The firmware on Moxa TN-5900 devices through 3.1 allows command injection that could lead to device damage.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2023-34215Second Order Command-injection Vulnerability in the Certificate-generation Function
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2023-34214Second Order Command-injection Vulnerability in the Certificate-generation Function
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2023-34213Second Order Command-injection Vulnerability in the Key-generation Function
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2023-33239Second Order Command-injection Vulnerability in the Key-generation Function
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2023-33238Command-injection Vulnerability in Certificate Management
    39Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

—

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

  • CVE-2023-342161 days apartSecond Order Command-injection Vulnerability in the Key-delete Function
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2023-342171 days apartSecond Order Command-injection Vulnerability in the Certificate-delete Function
    32Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-863 · Incorrect Authorization

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

We use this product, ask for help

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records