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CVE-2023-32620· NVD / CVE Program· CNA jpcert

Improper authentication vulnerability in WL-WN531AX2 firmware versions prior to 2023526 allows a network-adjacent attacker to obtain a passw

Improper authentication vulnerability in WL-WN531AX2 firmware versions prior to 2023526 allows a network-adjacent attacker to obtain a password for the wireless network.

MediumCVSS 6.5 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Jun 30, 2023
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 20th percentile
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Action score

26

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
26 / 40 · 6.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
wavlinkwl-wn531ax2 firmware
wavlinkwl-wn531ax2

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • wavlink wl-wn531ax2 firmwarebefore 2023526

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (jpcert). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • WAVLINK TECHNOLOGY Ltd. WL-WN531AX2

    • firmware versions prior to 2023526affected

Same product

wavlink: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2023-32613Exposure of resource to wrong sphere issue exists in WL-WN531AX2 firmware versions prior to 2023526, which may allow a network-adjacent atta
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2023-32622Improper neutralization of special elements in WL-WN531AX2 firmware versions prior to 2023526 allows an attacker with an administrative priv
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2023-32621WL-WN531AX2 firmware versions prior to 2023526 allows an attacker with an administrative privilege to upload arbitrary files and execute OS
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2023-32612Client-side enforcement of server-side security issue exists in WL-WN531AX2 firmware versions prior to 2023526, which may allow an attacker
    28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

—

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

  • CVE-2023-326120 days apartClient-side enforcement of server-side security issue exists in WL-WN531AX2 firmware versions prior to 2023526, which may allow an attacker
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2023-326210 days apartWL-WN531AX2 firmware versions prior to 2023526 allows an attacker with an administrative privilege to upload arbitrary files and execute OS
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2023-326220 days apartImproper neutralization of special elements in WL-WN531AX2 firmware versions prior to 2023526 allows an attacker with an administrative priv
    28Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone on the same network segment can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Adjacent
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-287 · Improper Authentication

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-primary

Root cause

Authentication is added route by route instead of being enforced in one place. When a route added later bypasses the shared middleware, the session check never runs for it.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-287 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
app.use("/admin", requireSession, adminRouter);
// Route added later skips the middlewareapp.post("/admin-api/config", updateConfig);

Fixed

ts
const admin = express.Router();admin.use(requireSession, requireRole("admin"));
admin.post("/config", updateConfig);app.use("/admin", admin);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

We use this product, ask for help

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records