Vault Enterprise Vulnerable to Padding Oracle Attacks When Using a CBC-based Encryption Mechanism with a HSM
HashiCorp Vault Enterprise 1.13.0 up to 1.13.1 is vulnerable to a padding oracle attack when using an HSM in conjunction with the CKM_AES_CBC_PAD or CKM_AES_CBC encryption mechanisms. An attacker with privileges to modify storage and restart Vault may be able to intercept or modify cipher text in order to derive Vault’s root key. Fixed in 1.13.2
- Published
- May 1, 2023
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.1% · 0th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-326
Sign in to follow · You’ll be notified if a followed record enters KEV, gets an exploit or is updated.
Report tools
Action score
10
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 10 / 40 · 2.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.1%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 2.5
- CNA · HashiCorp
- 2.5
- agree
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Affected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| hashicorp | vault | cpe:2.3:a:hashicorp:vault |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- hashicorp vault1.13.0 and later · before 1.13.2
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (HashiCorp). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
HashiCorp Vault Enterprise
- 1.13.0 and later · up to and including 1.13.1affected · semver
Same product
hashicorp: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2020-35192The official vault docker images before 0.11.6 contain a blank password for a root user.40Plan
- CVE-2024-2048Vault Cert Auth Method Did Not Correctly Validate Non-CA Certificates39Monitor
- CVE-2020-12757HashiCorp Vault and Vault Enterprise 1.4.0 and 1.4.1, when configured with the GCP Secrets Engine, may incorrectly generate GCP Credentials 39Monitor
- CVE-2025-6000Arbitrary Remote Code Execution via Plugin Catalog Abuse36Monitor
- CVE-2022-40186An issue was discovered in HashiCorp Vault and Vault Enterprise before 1.11.3.36Monitor
- CVE-2022-36129HashiCorp Vault Enterprise 1.7.0 through 1.9.7, 1.10.4, and 1.11.0 clusters using Integrated Storage expose an unauthenticated API endpoint 36Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| HashiCorp Vault Enterprise | 1.13.2 · description | Vendor (CNA) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- low · data can be read
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- none
- Attack vector
- Local
- Attack complexity
- High
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- Low
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- None
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-326 · Inadequate Encryption StrengthCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
ATT&CK techniques
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpChange log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2023-14-vault-enterprise-vulnerable-to-padding-oracle-attacks-when-using-a-cbc-based-encryption-mechanism-with-a-hsm/53322
- security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0007/
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.