The identity service in OpenStack Identity (Keystone) before 2015.1.3 (Kilo) and 8.0.x before 8.0.2 (Liberty) and keystonemiddleware (former
The identity service in OpenStack Identity (Keystone) before 2015.1.3 (Kilo) and 8.0.x before 8.0.2 (Liberty) and keystonemiddleware (formerly python-keystoneclient) before 1.5.4 (Kilo) and Liberty before 2.3.3 does not properly invalidate authorization tokens when using the PKI or PKIZ token providers, which allows remote authenticated users to bypass intended access restrictions and gain access to cloud resources by manipulating byte fields within a revoked token.
- Published
- Feb 3, 2016
- Updated
- Jun 16, 2026
- EPSS
- 1.7% · 77th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-522
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Report tools
Action score
31
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 1 / 30 · 1.7%
Affected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| openstack | keystonemiddleware | cpe:2.3:a:openstack:keystonemiddleware |
| openstack | keystone | cpe:2.3:a:openstack:keystone |
| oracle | solaris | cpe:2.3:o:oracle:solaris |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- openstack keystone8.0.0 and later · before 8.0.2
- openstack keystone2015.1.0 and later · up to 2015.1.2 inclusive
- openstack keystonemiddleware1.5.0 and later · up to 1.5.3 inclusive
- openstack keystonemiddleware1.6.0 and later · up to 2.3.2 inclusive
- oracle solaris11.3
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | keystone | before 2:9.0.0~rc2-1 | 2:9.0.0~rc2-1 |
| Debian:12 | python-keystonemiddleware | before 3.0.0-1 | 3.0.0-1 |
| PyPI | keystone | from 8.0 · before 8.1.0 | 8.1.0 |
| PyPI | keystone | from 9.0.0.0b1 · before 9.0.0.0b2 | 9.0.0.0b2 |
| PyPI | keystonemiddleware | from 1.6.0 · before 2.3.3 | 2.3.3 |
| PyPI | keystonemiddleware | from 2.4.0 · before 4.1.0 | 4.1.0 |
| PyPI | keystonemiddleware | before 1.5.4 | 1.5.4 |
Same product
openstack: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2026-22797An issue was discovered in OpenStack keystonemiddleware 10.5 through 10.7 before 10.7.2, 10.8 and 10.9 before 10.9.1, and 10.10 through 10.139Monitor
- CVE-2015-1852The s3_token middleware in OpenStack keystonemiddleware before 1.6.0 and python-keystoneclient before 1.4.0 disables certification verificat18Monitor
- CVE-2014-7144OpenStack keystonemiddleware (formerly python-keystoneclient) 0.x before 0.11.0 and 1.x before 1.2.0 disables certification verification whe18Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| debian:keystone | 2:9.0.0~rc2-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:python-keystonemiddleware | 3.0.0-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| PyPI:keystone | 8.1.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
| PyPI:keystone | 9.0.0.0b2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| PyPI:keystonemiddleware | 1.5.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| PyPI:keystonemiddleware | 2.3.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| PyPI:keystonemiddleware | 4.1.0 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- High
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-522 · Insufficiently Protected CredentialsCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Session SidejackingCAPEC-102likelihood: High · High
- Signature Spoofing by Key TheftCAPEC-474likelihood: Medium · High
- Password Recovery ExploitationCAPEC-50likelihood: Medium · High
- KerberoastingCAPEC-509High
- Modify Existing ServiceCAPEC-551
- Remote Services with Stolen CredentialsCAPEC-555Very High
- Use of Known Domain CredentialsCAPEC-560likelihood: High · High
- Windows Admin Shares with Stolen CredentialsCAPEC-561
ATT&CK techniques
- Remote ServicesT1021
- Remote Services:SMB/Windows Admin SharesT1021.002
- Valid AccountsT1078
- Brute Force:Credential StuffingT1110.004
- Email Collection:Remote Email CollectionT1114.002
- External Remote ServicesT1133
- Create or Modify System ProcessT1543
- Use Alternate Authentication Material:Pass The HashT1550.002
- Use Alternate Authentication Material:Pass The TicketT1550.003
- Unsecured Credentials: Private KeysT1552.004
- Steal or Forge Kerberos TicketsT1558
- Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets:KerberoastingT1558.003
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpChange log
- Fix✗ → ✓
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References
- www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/bulletinapr2016-2952098.html
- www.securityfocus.com/bid/80498
- bugs.launchpad.net/keystone/+bug/1490804
- security.openstack.org/ossa/OSSA-2016-005.html
- wiki.openstack.org/wiki/OSSN/OSSN-0062
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.